D 2874 
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The College Beautiful 



J\ Handbook of 
Lafayette College, 
at Easton, Penna. 



I will point you out the right path of a virtuous and nobis education ; 

laborious indeed at the first ascent, but else so smooth, 

so green, so full of goodly prospect.— Milton. 



\ I 



<< Veritas liberabit: 



LAFAYETTE COLLEGE. 



SOME PAGES OF ITS PAST; 

PICTURES OF ITS PRESENT; AND 

FORECASTS OF' ITS FUTURE. 



"Knowledge does not compose all that is contained in the large /term of 

education ; the feelings are to be disciplined! ; the passions are to 

be restrained^ true and worthy motives are to be inspired; 

a profound religious feeling is to be instilled 

and a pure morality inculcated tinder 

all circumstances. " — Webster. 






A ^ 



Press of 
Allen, Lane & Scott, 
Philadelphia. 



YORK PUBL. LIB717 
I I EXCHANGE. 



" In contrasting the schools of the present day with those of forty years ago, 

the comparison is such as to fit one of my age with depression 

and envy at the immense advantages enjoyed by the youth 

of the present generation." — Huxley. 



CONTENTS 



I. The Ideals of Lafayette 5 

II. Lafayette College 14 

III. The Engineering Courses 47 

IV. The Course in Chemistry and Metallurgy 49 

V. Christian Influences 54 

VI. The Literary Societies 57 

VII. Athletics 59 



L 

THE IDEALS OF LAFAYETTE. 




LAFAYETTE COLLEGE stands for two ideas. It is a 
small college, and it is a Christian college. It be- 
lieves that in both of these facts there is strength. 
That in days of growth away from such condi- 
tions she continues to represent them is due not to her 
being left behind in the race but to deliberate choice. In 
each is contained a principle which she believes vital ; in 
the one the view that the function of the college is sound 
and systematic teaching; in the other the belief that the 
training of the mind should take place in an atmosphere of 
high moral and spiritual earnestness. Contact of teacher 
and taught, not at one but at many points ; not only as 
professor and student, but also as counselor and friend; not 
merely fitting the minds for intellectual achievement, but 
developing men for moral mastery; such are some of the 
ideals involved in this view of the scope of our College. 

Hand-in-hand with the conservatism represented by this 
point of view, there is a conservatism in methods that is 
not less characteristic. Recognizing with the very first the 
scientific renaissance of the present age, Lafayette began her 
life with engineering ambitions, and revived them with 
vigor in 1866. While she founded and built the fine school 



of technical studies so liberally endowed by Mr. Ario 
Pardee, she liberalized her courses, differentiated her curric- 
ulum, gave a large and notable place to the departments of 
physical science, and led the way in the application of 
modern languages, including English, to sound discipline 
and true culture. In all this she set her face firmly against 
transforming schools of technology into mere shops, and 
the study of modern languages into mere dilettantism. The 
new education rightly urges the importance of training 
hand and eye, and deplores the too long continued sway of 
the mere theorist. The perversion of this view would swing 
the pendulum to the other extreme and replace intellectual 
mastery with manual skill, and the engineer with the handi- 
craftsman, which is even worse. Lafayette has striven, and 
striven successfully, to assimilate her growth and expansion 
to her original methods of thorough work and steady dis- 
cipline. The results are seen in all departments, where a 
large and thorough knowledge of the mother tongue, some 
liberal culture in the foreign languages primarily learned for 
their practical value, and the essentials of citizenship in po- 
litical and economic knowledge, are required of all. 

In dealing with the rapid growth of scientific knowledge, 
and the great increase of materials for college teaching, the 
popular demand for extended and varied courses has been 
met, first, by the subdivision of courses, and, secondly, by 
the admission of elective studies into the junior and senior 
years. 



The single course of 1865 has grown into three: the 
classical course, which is formed upon the historic basis of the 
humanities, rich in classical learning, philological, historical, 
and literary, not less strong in the accurate discipline of math- 
ematics, physics, chemistry, and astronomy, and by means of 
the electives of the later years varied and supplemented by 
such work as each student may select, informing the mind 
and preparing the way for professional work in law, medicine, 
theology, and the higher business careers ; the Latin scientific 
course, which is similar to the classical course, but replaces 
the Greek which is required for that course with extended 
courses in modern languages, and more work in the physical 
sciences; the general scientific course, which omits the ancient 
classics entirely, and seeks by the application of the methods 
of classical philology and history to make use of the modern 
languages to secure the same discipline and a more distinctly 
modern culture. The rich courses in English classics, which 
form a part of this plan, afford one of the many illustrations 
of the influence of Prof. Francis A. March in forming the 
ideals of Lafayette. 

The degree in which elective studies have been admitted 
to these courses has been determined by two considera- 
tions. In the first place, a careful study of the needs of 
the field has been continuously made, and the entrance re- 
quirements have been adopted with due regard to securing 
the best possible material from this field. Proceeding from 
this starting point, a standard and scheme of study has 



8 

been developed, fitted to the development of the actual ma- 
terial at hand. As new sciences have demanded a share in 
the curriculum, they have been admitted to a fixed place, 
or as alternatives with others, and as the entrance require- 
ments have risen with the improvement of the school sys- 
tem the time thus gained has been granted either to a 
choice of one or more studies already pursued for more ad- 
vanced and extended study, or for the pursuit of some sub- 
ject not heretofore embraced in the curriculum. 

A more radical influence has been at work for several 
years in the demand of certain professional schools for work 
in college in anticipation of the more fundamental needs 
of the professions. To meet these demands, Hebrew, New 
Testament Greek, Theism, Christian Evidences, the History 
of Philosophy, and some other courses are offered to those 
preparing for the ministry; Constitutional History, Black- 
stone, International Law, and kindred courses, to the stu- 
dents of law; while in response to the large demands of 
some of the medical schools, a course in Biology, extend- 
ing over nearly half of the junior and senior years, in con- 
nection with the usual courses in Chemistry and Physics, 
prepares the graduate for admission to the second year 
of these schools. 

The whole system of elective studies, however, is kept 
under check by a plan which prevents the dissipation of 
mental effort, and gives direction to the whole college 
course, and permits no evasion of the demand for method- 





MOUNT LAFAYETTE -ABOVE AND BELOW. 



ical work. No such thing as heedless choice of unrelated 
topics, based on no principle save that of following the line 
of least resistance, is permitted. 

The technical courses being professional in aim, have as 
yet but little room for elective studies. They are divided 
into the schools of civil, mining, and electrical engineering, 
and chemistry ; a division itself implying a decided choice. 
Some special needs are, of course, recognized from time to 
time in these courses, especially in the chemical department, 
and a growing tendency towards subdivision exists. 

In dealing with all these courses a single method is 
impracticable. Yet, however much mere uniformity may be 
shunned, a vital unity is sought and generally secured. 
Small divisions under experienced teachers secure a definite 
discipline. The work is clearly conceived as college and 
not university work. A definite daily routine in which 
lecture, text-book, and laboratory methods are combined, 
is firmly established. Pure lecture courses are few, and 
but a small proportionate value is placed on final exami- 
nation. After daily drills, frequent papers, constant ex- 
periment, and satisfactory review, the final examination can 
only confirm the record of good, and not replace that of 
poor, term work. 

Perhaps in this epoch of reckless adoption of university 
methods by so many colleges, such an account sounds un- 
progressive and very far from being worthy of a place 
among "ideals," Yet this is far from true. As is always 



IO 

true of reasonable routine, there is little friction, and the 
end is satisfactorily attained. This is rendered doubly true 
by the richness and breadth of choice. And there are no 
days of dire trial and tribulation when weeks of wasted 
lecture courses are summed up in a few days of searching 
examinations and long lists of failures. 

Lafayette believes in work ; work on the part of the 
teacher in full consciousness of the duty to impart knowl- 
edge ; work on the part of the student to master in regular 
order what is taught him. The responsibility for failures is 
pretty equally divided between teacher and taught, and the 
result is that the air on her beautiful hill is not too rare 
to be breathed by a teacher, and that noble word is not 
esteemed a symbol of reproach. 

Throughout all the teaching, in dutiful and willing recog- 
nition of the Christian character of the College, there is 
reverent regard for truth as all alike divine. There is no 
room for controversial or sectarian teaching. Under the 
broad mantle of the great Church which has preached 
liberty of thought and liberty of action to the world, the 
College rests secure. It asks, and does not need to de- 
mand, loyalty to the truth, reverent scholarship, and Chris- 
tian fellowship from the teachers. It seeks to inculcate the 
same ideals in the students. 

In order to secure the highest results from the methods 
thus employed in making educated men, the students are 
brought together upon the campus in a number of dormi- 




OLD SOUTH. 



II 

tory buildings. The College life is upon the campus. Its 
ideals are therefore those of the College itself and not of 
the town. And it is held to be one of the greatest duties 
of the teachers and officers of the College to keep these 
ideals sound. One of the strongest forces in human de- 
velopment is found in communal life. The dormitory life 
is very free. The restraints of home and general society 
are largely withdrawn. It is through college public opinion 
that the boys learn to be men ; to do things because they 
are right, reasonable, and of good report, and not because 
they are enforced by hourly oversight and precept. As 
college boys are not average boys, but a picked body, the 
best socially, intellectually, and morally of their home com- 
munities, the standard is naturally high. The force of col- 
lege opinion is therefore strong, and it grows stronger 
each year. The great concern of college teachers is to see 
that in growing stronger, it also grows nobler, purer, and 
better. 

Among the influences that tell upon this public opinion 
from the student side are those of the Young Men's Christian 
Association, always vigorous and fruitful of much good; the 
literary societies (" Washington " and " Franklin "), strong, 
well equipped, and doing a great work ; and the Greek-letter 
fraternities. The first step in housing these fraternities upon 
the campus has been taken by the D. K. E. fraternity ; a very 
hopeful step, for whatever sets the fraternity more and more 
within the college life is sure to hold it more definitely to its 



13 

obligation to contribute to the college welfare. Of all the 
forces in modern college life the fraternity is the one of the 
most doubtful utility. A good fraternity can only be useful, 
but the element of secrecy makes a bond that often proves 
a barrier to the speedy acceptance of helpful aid and advice 
from those outside its tie. In this day of high self-conscious- 
ness a fraternity rarely loses its self-respect, and it is to be 
hoped that the once common troubles of the past will never 
come again. The fraternities at Lafayette enjoy the confi- 
dence of the Faculty and seem to be entering upon a career of 
growing usefulness. 

The two ancient and beloved literary societies have occu- 
pied a great place in the annals of the College and deserve 
an even larger place in her life. They have beautifully 
furnished halls and well chosen libraries. Excellent work 
is done in speaking, debating, and essay- writing, and the 
student is trained in a practical knowledge of the rules of 
parliamentary procedure. The annual contests between the 
representatives of the societies in oratory and debate give 
the public an opportunity of showing their appreciation of 
the work that is done, and the intercollegiate contests rally 
the boys to a recognition of the heroes of brains as well as 
of brawn. 

In the broad field of college ideals these societies occupy a 
large place. Together with the department of elocution, 
always highly honored and very generally required, they help 
to lay stress upon the side of college training too often neg- 



*3 

lected ; the side of expression. If the value of oratory has 
declined, the importance of self-expression has increased. 
The demand for plain, but direct, clear, and cogent speech 
has greatly grown. Logic has taken the place of rhetoric, 
indeed; but speech, written statement, plans and specifica- 
tions, are everywhere demanded. So these societies, with 
their practical, earnest methods, are among the great influ- 
ences of Lafayette life. 

Lafayette's ideals are neither many nor unreal. They lie in 
the small college, loyally Christian, devoted to true teaching, 
liberal in scope, definite in plan, and conservative in spirit. 



IL 
LAFAYETTE COLLEGE. 

By Prof. W. B. Owen, Ph. D. 




1HE early history of Lafayette College, though 
within the memory of many persons yet living, 
seems already to her younger sons to belong to 
the olden times. We must go back more than 
seventy years to find the humble beginning. 

Easton was then a thriving town of about twenty-five hun- 
dred inhabitants, and was quite remarkable in at least two 
respects, the marvelous beauty of its situation and surround- 
ings and the culture and literary taste of its society. Its 
clergy were conspicuous for scholarly attainments. Its law- 
yers were known all over the State for their learning and 
ability, and in its business circles were several men who added 
scholarly pursuits to their other labors. The ladies also 
shared in the intellectual life, three of them having found 
places in the collections of American poetry. Easton was 
also the home of many persons distinguished in public life, 
such as George Taylor, one of the signers of the Declaration 
of Independence ; George Wolf, Governor of Pennsylvania ; 
Samuel Sitgreaves, Commissioner to Great Britain under 
President Adams ; James M. Porter, Secretary of War under 

(14) 



*5 

President Tyler; Governor A. H. Reeder, Richard Brodhead, 
of the United States Senate ; and the Hon. Joel Jones, after- 
ward Mayor of Philadelphia. 

The intercourse of such men and women was the expres- 
sion of their intellectual life and taste, as well as of their 
social instincts, and it seems natural that the thought should 
arise in their minds of making Easton a seat of learning by 
founding an institution for the higher education. 

The first organized movement to establish a college was a 
meeting held on the evening of December 27th, 1824, at 
White's Hotel, in the northeast corner of the public square, 
at which Col. Thomas McKeen presided. After full discus- 
sion, it was unanimously voted, " that it is expedient to estab- 
lish at this place an institution of learning in which the dead 
languages and the various branches of education and science 
usually taught in colleges, together with the French and 
German languages, civil and military engineering, and mili- 
tary tactics shall be taught." 

General Lafayette had landed in New York City on the 
1 6th of August previous, on his last visit to the country he 
had so nobly served. His progress throughout the land was 
marked by one continued ovation, and these citizens of Penn- 
sylvania, not unmindful of the wounds he had received on 
her soil, resolved " that as a testimony of respect for the 
talents, virtues, and signal service of General Lafayette in the 
great cause of freedom, the said institution be named La- 
fayette College." 



i6 

It was further resolved " that James M. Porter, Joel Jones, 

and Jacob Wagner be a committee to draft a memorial to the 

Legislature for a charter of incorporation and for legislative 

aid." 

THE VIEWS OF THE FOUNDERS. 

These gentlemen accordingly prepared a memorial to the 
Legislature, in which they briefly set forth the history of the 
movement and stated their plans. It was not their design 
that the technical parts of a military education should cur- 
tail the usual course of college studies, but, on the contrary, 
by thus providing judicious and healthful modes of spend- 
ing leisure they hoped to increase the efficiency of the liter- 
ary departments. The original scheme also contemplated a 
preparation for college, the whole course to occupy seven 
years. 

In reference to the department of language and literature, 
their words are so suggestive, as containing the prophecy if 
not the germ of the present course in English studies, that 
the following sentences possess a peculiar interest : — 

" An addition will be made to the language course usually 
adopted. In this branch students commonly limit their atten- 
tion to the dead languages. This is to be regretted. The 
living languages certainly have some claims to attention 
which the dead have not. Particularly is it to be regretted 
that after acquiring the Latin, the Romanic dialects of 
modern Europe should not receive that small portion of 
time which is necessary to acquire them. 



17 

" But the language most neglected in our seminaries of 
learning is the English. It is, we think, one of the follies of 
the learned to expend time and toil and money in the minute 
investigation of the languages of other times and other people, 
at the expense of omitting the equally curious and more useful 
investigation of their own. The Anglo-Saxon, the German, 
the Danish, the Swedish, &c, ought long since to have been 
made a part of the education of our youth." 

Ease of access from those parts of the State which the Col- 
lege was originally designed to benefit, and the abundance 
and cheapness of the means of living, together with the 
healthfulness of the situation and its excellence as a field for 
botanical and mineralogical research, were the main points 
favorable to the location at Easton. Seventy years of change 
and growth have abundantly proved the wisdom of this 
choice. Lafayette now receives students from all over the 
Union, instead of from a limited portion of Pennsylvania, but 
the location could not be changed for the better, even in view 
of this wider sphere of patronage. 

Easton is situated at the confluence of the Delaware and 
Lehigh Rivers, toward the northern terminus of the Cumber- 
land Valley, in a region so fertile and beautiful, so rich and 
productive in varied resources that it may well be called the 
garden of the Atlantic slope. It has become an important 
point on the great highways of travel between New York and 
the West and Northwest. Instead of the two days' journey 
by stage to New York, as when the College was chartered, 



i8 

the time is now two hours, and there are frequent trains 
on three different lines of railway between the two cities. 
Communication with Philadelphia is equally easy ; so that 
for ease of access from every part of the country the place 
is all that can be desired. 

The Lehigh, in its upper course, winds its way along hills 
stored full of coal, iron, and slate, and the more recent devel- 
opment of these resources has made the city an industrial 
centre, presenting rare facilities for the pursuit of the techni- 
cal and practical branches which are now embraced in the 
course of study at the College. 

ORGANIZATION AND EARLY EFFORTS OF THE TRUSTEES. 

The Legislature granted the charter March 9th, 1826. It 
vested thirty-five persons, therein named, with the usual 
powers of a college, and authorized them to fill vacancies in 
their board by election. The Board of Trustees was promptly 
organized with James M. Porter as President, Joel Jones, Sec- 
retary, and Thomas McKeen, Treasurer. A committee was 
also appointed to prepare and publish an exposition of the 
plan and purposes of the institution, and to take measures to 
secure a President and Faculty for the new College. Their 
success, however, was far from encouraging. The Legisla- 
ture had not voted them the desired aid; the region was com- 
paratively new, and the people upon whom they mainly de- 
pended for contributions were busy working up its material 
resources ; but the Trustees were hopeful, even under con- 




)UTH TERRACE. 



*9 

tinued discouragements, and predicted that Lafayette Col- 
lege "should ultimately be inferior to none in our country." 
They dwelt with enthusiasm upon its prospects and the ad- 
vantages of the situation ; " the surrounding country so popu- 
lous, picturesque, fertile, and salubrious, so rich in mineral 
and botanical productions, the necessaries of life so abundant 

and cheap." 

DR. GEORGE JUNKIN. 

It was not until January, 1832, that the name of the Rev. 
George Junkin, A. M., came before the committee "as a gen- 
tleman eminently qualified to take charge of the institution." 
Mr. Junkin was deeply interested in the education of pious 
young men of slender means, and for that purpose had estab- 
lished a manual labor school at Germantown, and gathered 
about him a number of pupils. The Trustees invited him to 
come to Easton and examine the charter of the College, its 
location and prospects. 

On the 6th of February, 1832, they appointed him Presi- 
dent. The Trustees then leased for two years a farm consist- 
ing of about sixty acres of land and the ordinary farm build- 
ings, situated south of the Lehigh River, directly opposite the 
borough. In March President Junkin came to Easton and 
began the work of fitting up the premises, and the regular 
exercises of the College began May 9th, 1832. 

The session opened with forty-three students, but the num- 
ber soon increased, and there were in all sixty-seven in at- 
tendance during the first college year at Lafayette. 



20 

The efforts of the Trustees were next directed towards 
securing a permanent site. 

After a careful examination of all the locations suggested, 
they made a purchase of nine acres of land on the brow of the 
hill north of the borough (a part of the present site) for $1400. 

A better selection certainly could not have been made. In 
a region abounding in charming views — " the Switzerland of 
America," as it is called — that one point which, if possible, 
surpasses all the rest in the loveliness of its outlook, was 
chosen for the infant college. All the varied and picturesque 
scenery which has made the " Forks of the Delaware " cele- 
brated far and wide lies before this little mount, and can be 
taken in with a single sweep of the eye. 

At its foot the Bushkill winds ; on the south and west the 
Lehigh, whose course may be traced by the steam of loco- 
motives and the smoke of the furnaces that line its banks ; 
on the east, the Delaware, sweeping its broader current south- 
ward ; across the city, seven miles away, are the Musconet- 
cong Hills, stretching off eastward into New Jersey as far as 
the eye can see ; on the north, a mile away, Chestnut Hill and 
Paxinosa, from whose top, one facing northward may over- 
look a broad and beautiful valley, bounded by the Blue 
Mountains, the even line of whose summit is broken in three 
places — just in front of the beholder the " Wind Gap," twelve 
miles away in a direct line ; on the right hand the " Delaware 
Water Gap," twenty miles away ; on the left hand, the " Le- 
high Gap," twenty-five miles away. 



m' 




JENKS BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY. 



21 

On every side Nature has spread her charms with a lavish 
hand, and art vies with Nature to heighten the impressive 
beauty of the scene. 

Preparations were at once made for the erection of a suit- 
able building on the new site. It was urged on as rapidly as 
possible during the Summer of 1833, and was so far com- 
pleted as to be ready for occupancy in May of the following 
year. The structure (now the central part of South College, 
and one of the most substantial edifices on the hill) was 1 1 2 
feet by 44, with a recess of 17 by 49 feet. There were six 
recitation rooms, a chapel, refectory hall, steward's rooms, 
apartments for the President and other officers of the Col- 
lege, and about forty rooms for the students. The building 
had an old-fashioned " hip roof," covered with slate and sur- 
mounted by a simple open dome, fourteen feet in diameter. 
Although finished in a style of severe plainness, the build- 
ing was the pride of the town. At its completion it was 
brilliantly illuminated by the students, who made the day 
one of great festivity and rejoicing. 

And now, May 1st, 1834, the President and Faculty were 
formally inaugurated. The following composed the Faculty : 
The Rev. George Junkin, A. M., President and Professor of 
Mental and Moral Philosophy, Logic, Rhetoric, and Evidences 
of Christianity; Charles F. McCay, A. B., Professor of Mathe- 
matics and Natural Philosophy; James I. Kuhn, A. B., Pro- 
fessor of the Latin and Greek Languages ; Samuel D. Gross, 
M. D., Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Botany. Dr. 



22 

Junkin's associates were men of more than usual ability, and 
the work they did helped to draw together a good class of 
students. The Hon. N. B. Smithers, of Delaware, was among 
the first graduates, and of his fellow-students there were 
Governor Ramsey, of Minnesota; Dr. Grier, editor of The 
Presbyterian ; the Hon. James Morrison Harris, of Baltimore, 
and his distinguished townsman, John W. Garrett, President 
of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, besides a goodly number 
who became eminent in the ministry. 

The Trustees entered heartily into President Junkin's views 
with reference to the manual labor system, and spoke in the 
warmest terms of a scheme which promised such large re- 
sults, not only in bodily health and the saving of money, but 
in promoting mental activity and the development of manly 
independence of character. A thorough trial was made of it, 
and work, both agricultural and mechanical, was carried on 
for several years, but the authorities were obliged at last to 
admit its failure as a part of the College scheme, and it was 
abandoned in 1839. 

Another feature of the original plan, containing the germ 
of our present system of State Normal Schools, was the prep- 
aration of teachers. The Trustees established as a part of the 
curriculum of the College a " teachers' course," designing to 
issue special diplomas to such students as might graduate in 
it, and they further erected a building (now West College) to 
serve as a " model school," in which the art of governing and 
of communicating knowledge might be taught. It was found 



i 



yrtP 1 




PROF. TRAILL GREEN, M. D., LL D. 



upon trial that the number of young men who looked for- 
ward to teaching as a profession and could devote themselves 
uninterruptedly to the necessary training was not large 
enough to warrant the continuance of this department. In 
addition to the usual college curriculum, liberal attention 
was given to the modern languages. Prof. F. A. Rauch, 
Ph. D., afterwards President of Marshall College, worked in 
this department, and the students read a good deal of French, 
Italian, Spanish, and German. 

A law school was also contemplated, and as early as 1841 
and for several years thereafter, the name of the Hon. James 
M. Porter appears in the catalogues as " Professor of Juris- 
prudence." In the enumeration of students also, several are 
set down from year to year as " law students." 

The moral and religious training of the students was a sub- 
ject upon which the Founders of the College felt deeply, and 
to which they made frequent reference in their published 
reports. The Bible was carefully studied, and punctual at- 
tendance at morning and evening prayers and at divine serv- 
ice upon the Lord's Day was required of all the students. 
Morning prayers were at five o'clock, Winter and Summer ; 
and upon the Sabbath these early devotions were immediately 
followed by a Bible class. " This exercise," says the fifth 
annual report, " generally occupies an hour. It is exegetical, 
didactic, polemic, and practical." 

The government of the College was administered on 
the principle of strict and systematic vigilance. Dr. Junkin 



24 

encouraged the formation of students' courts for the trial of 
misdemeanors, but there was keen oversight, and the strong 
arm of government. He was a man kindly but severe, 
authoritative, and with a wonderful force of personal presence. 
From his private apartments one door opened into the re- 
fectory, where all the students ate " under the eye of one 
or two professors," and which was rightly considered one of 
the most difficult departments to govern ; another door led 
into the prayer hall. The residence of the other members of 
the Faculty was also managed with a view to " facility of 
access," and the arrangements were made for frequent visits 
to the rooms of students, in order, as the early catalogues 
say, "to keep up a personal vigilance over the whole." 

Under this system of strict supervision, and perhaps by 
reason of it, there grew up some peculiar shades of student 
life unknown to us nowadays except through vague tradi- 
tion. 

But withal, this severe surveillance had a tender side. It 
assumed a certain waywardness of the young man, but its 
aim was to provide healthful moral restraints ; and it was - 
true then of the College, as it has been for the most part 
throughout its history, that the high moral and religious 
tone was such as to commend it warmly to public confi- 
dence as a place where young men might safely spend the 
most decisive period of life. One of the early catalogues, 
referring to the " evidence of a good moral atmosphere in 
the fact that no case of discipline had occurred at Lafayette. 



25 

during the year," adds, with pardonable enthusiasm, " Blessed 
is that college whose laws are lost sight of by becoming in- 
carnate in the hearts of all its members." 

PRESIDENT JUNKIN'S ADMINISTRATION. 

Dr. Junkin resigned the presidency in 1841 to accept the 
presidency of Miami University, Ohio. He was, however, re- 
called in 1844, and remained at the head of the College 
until 1848, when he again resigned and assumed the presi- 
dency of Washington College, Virginia. 

Even this brief sketch would be incomplete without a 
grateful mention of his laborious and self-denying efforts 
for the College during the thirteen years he was President. 
Few ever toiled with more enthusiasm, and at times with 
greater discouragements, to accomplish a cherished object. 

There was no endowment; the State could not be induced 
to help the College on general grounds, and the help that 
came from other sources was very inadequate. The first 
published list of contributions to the fund foots up $5103. 
The largest contribution is $500. There are several of fifty 
cents, and seventy are below five dollars. Dr. Junkin spent 
all the money he had or could raise on the College. Fortu- 
nately, several men prominent in the Presbyterian Church ap- 
preciated the importance of Lafayette as a training school for 
the ministry, and gave Dr. Junkin substantial encouragement. 

Dr. Archibald Alexander and Dr. John Breckinridge were 
especially interested in the matter. Dr. Alexander, at a 



26 

desperate juncture, when the friends of the College were 
actually discussing the abandonment of the work, referring 
to the college at Princeton, of which he was trustee, said : 
"There is no danger of injurious competition, but probably 
benefit, from the kind of rivalry which may spring up. I 
should be very sorry to see the ground at Easton aban- 
doned and the labor lost. It must not be." 

Aid for that particular emergency was obtained from New 
York and Philadelphia, Mr. James Lenox, of New York, be- 
ing one of the largest givers. 

Among the eminent scholars associated with Dr. Junkin 
in the Faculty at Lafayette, besides those already men- 
tioned, were Dr. Traill Green, elected Professor of Chemistry 
in 1837 ; the Rev. James C. Moffat, D. D., afterwards profes- 
sor at the College of New Jersey, and then in the Theo- 
logical Seminary at Princeton ; the Rev. William Henry 
Green, D. D., LL. D., a graduate of Lafayette (Class of 1840), 
for fifty years professor of Hebrew and Oriental Literature 
in the Theological Seminary at Princeton ; the Rev. Rob- 
ert Cunningham, of Scotland; the Rev. David X. Junkin, 
D. D. ; Washington McCartney, LL. D., " mathematician, 
metaphysician, and jurist unsurpassed." 

STRUGGLES OF THE MIDDLE PERIOD. 

Dr. John W. Yeomans was President while Dr. Junkin 
was at Miami University (1841-44), and after Dr. Junkin 's 
final resignation, three short administrations bring us down to 



27 

the year 1863: Dr. C. W. Nassau (1848-49), Dr. Daniel V. 
McLean (1851-57), and Dr. George Wilson McPhail (1857- 
63). The early part of this period was a time of transition, 
and, therefore, of more importance than would appear in the 
mere outward history. The College was freeing itself one 
by one from the experiments of its origin, and settling more 
and more into tried collegiate ways, giving the usual cur- 
riculum of Latin, Greek, Mathematics, and Philosophy. It 
was conspicuous mainly for plain living and thorough work, 
sending out its little quota each year to the learned profes- 
sions, about half of its graduates entering the ministry. 

The year 1849 was one of special depression, and the num- 
ber in attendance in the four College classes fell from eighty- 
two in 1848 to twenty-five in 1850. In the latter year it was 
received under the patronage of the Presbyterian Synod of 
Philadelphia, and the charter was amended accordingly. Dr. 
McLean, in 185 1, undertook to raise a permanent endowment, 
$100,000, by the sale of scholarships, and the result brought 
about a new upward movement. In 1856 the number of stu- 
dents enrolled reached one hundred and six. 

About this time two men became connected with the Fac- 
ulty, who by their labors have brought world-wide renown 
to the institution, Prof. James H. Coffin, LL. D., in 1846, 
and Prof. Francis A. March, LL. D., in 1855. With the 
coming of the former Lafayette became in some sense the 
headquarters of meteorology in America, since there the 
observations of the Government offices and the collections 



28 

of the Smithsonian Institution, supplemented by the extensive 
correspondence of Professor Coffin, have been reduced and 
prepared for publication under the direction of this eminent 
meteorologist. 

With Dr. March's coming began the famous course of 
study in Anglo-Saxon and English in connection with Com- 
parative Philology. 

The financial embarrassment, however, was only tempora- 
rily relieved by the new " endowment," and m 1861 came the 
civil war with its added difficulties. In 1862, after the battle 
of Antietam, the students enlisted in considerable numbers. 
In 1863, when Lee invaded Pennsylvania, the rush to arms 
was so general that the College was almost without students ; 
there were not seniors enough left for a commencement. 

In August of the same year President McPhail resigned, 
and a special meeting of the Board of Trustees was called in 
Philadelphia, to " take into consideration the propriety of sus- 
pending operations under increasing embarrassments." 

An arrangement was made, however, with Professors Coffin, 
March, Coleman, Eckard, and Green by which they under- 
took to keep the College in operation for another year for 
such compensation as the Board might be able to provide. 

PRESIDENT CATTELL. 

It was at this critical point that we find the Board turning 
to one who had been a professor in the institution, Rev. Will- 
iam C. Cattell, at that time pastor of the Second Presbyterian 




REV. WM. C. CATTELL, D. D. 



2 9 

Church at Harrisburg, to whom they gave a hearty call to re- 
turn to Lafayette and fill the vacant presidency. Happily, he 
recognized his call. 

Dr. Cattell was eminently fitted for his new work at La- 
fayette, and his efforts at the very outset were characterized 
by that energy, prudence, and tact which always master diffi- 
culties, and which for him secured at once the hearty co-op- 
eration and confidence of the friends of the College. 

At Dr. Cattell's inauguration, July 26th, 1864, Lafayette 
felt a thrill of returning hope. "The hour of darkness and 
gloom had passed," said Governor Pollock, President of the 
Board of Trustees, in his address, and so it had. A new vi- 
tality was at once infused, and new vigor characterized the 
work of the College, both in its inner life and in the more re- 
mote points of contact with its patrons and the public. 
President Cattell devoted himself for twenty years to the task 
of building up the College, and with full heart and strong 
arm, with a strength that grew with growing opportunities, 
pushed on the important work that lay before him. Under 
his administration Lafayette rose to commanding eminence 
among the colleges of the land, enlarging her work in every 
direction. This long and continued service left him, in 1883, 
in broken health, and he was obliged to seek needed rest un- 
der circumstances as free as possible from the anxieties of his 
great labor. The Trustees, therefore, accepted his resigna- 
tion, though with great reluctance, and turned to the difficult 
task of choosing his successor. 



3° 



PRESIDENT KNOX. 

James H. Mason Knox, D. D., LL. D., had been for nearly 
twenty years a member of the Board of Trustees, and as one 
of Dr. Cattell's most efficient helpers had been an important 
factor in the recent striking growth of the College. To him 
the Trustees turned with the offer of the presidency. 

Dr. Knox accepted it, but not without misgivings, for no 
one was more familiar than he with the great work of his 
predecessor, and no one knew better than he what gifts of 
experience, tact, and geniality of temperament Dr. Cattell had 
brought to its performance ; but the cordial unanimity of the 
Board overcame his reluctance, and brought the work before 
him as one to which he was amply called. President Knox 
took his place and did his work with quiet dignity and pru- 
dence, and in a manner to commend him to the confidence and 
esteem of his colleagues of the Faculty, of the students, and of 
all the friends of the institution. The noble task so well begun 
and so energetically pursued by Dr. Cattell was continued by 
Dr. Knox, and with the same earnest efforts to enlarge the 
endowment and increase the efficiency of the institution. 

He resigned the presidency in June, 1890. At the com- 
mencement, when Dr. Knox's resignation was received, the 
Board of Trustees and the alumini united in a movement to 
raise among themselves an endowment fund of $150,000. 
The end of Dr. Knox's administration was further marked 
by a bequest of $100,000 from the Fayerweather estate. 




PRESIDENT ETHELBERT D. WARFIELD, LL. D. 



3* 



PRESIDENT WARFIELD. 

After an interval of one year, during which Dr. Traill 
Green was acting President, the Board chose as the successor 
of Dr. Knox, Ethelbert D. Warfield, a young man, at that 
time President of the Miami University in Ohio. Dr. War- 
field accepted the call, and was received at Lafayette with the 
utmost enthusiasm, not only by the Faculty, the students, 
and other members of the College community, but by the 
citizens of Easton, and in fact by all classes to whom the 
interests of the College are dear. He was inaugurated in 
October, 1891, since which time there has been a steady ad- 
vance in most matters relating to the prosperity of the insti- 
tution. The number of students is now rapidly increasing; 
the alumni and friends are rallying; and there are signs of 
prosperity on every side. Dr. Warfield is a young man of 
fine attainments, especially in history and political science, 
is a gifted lecturer, and is making new friends for the Col- 
lege wherever he appears. 

We may now turn to note briefly a few particulars in 
Lafayette's growth during the last thirty years. 

STUDENTS. 

The number of students in attendance in 1863 was 39. 
For a number of years after the war the increase was 
rapid, until the highest point, 335, was reached in 1876; 
then with some fluctuation the number fell to 247 in 1887, 



32 

since which time it has again risen, standing in the catalogue 

of 1895 at 306, and in that of 1900 at 336, and in that of 

1 901 at 372. 

THE FACULTY. 

In 1863-64 the Faculty consisted of nine members. The 
addition of new departments of study and the large increase 
of students soon made it necessary to secure a larger corps 
of instructors. In 1865-66 the number was sixteen; at the 
present time it is thirty. 

RECITATIONS AND LECTURES. 

There has been a corresponding increase in the amount 
of actual class-room work. From 1859 to 1865 there were 
given annually in the four classes 2070 recitations and lec- 
tures. In 1865-66, when the scientific department was added, 
more than half the exercises of the new course were coinci- 
dent with those of the old; 913 were different, making the 
total for that year 2893. The annual number of recita- 
tions and lectures at the present time, not including the 
working sections or the graduate courses, is 9263. This 
large increase has been caused mainly by the addition of new 
courses of instruction, but partly also by the division and 
subdivision of large classes. The policy of hearing classes 
in sections so small that each student shall be sure of daily 
drill is strictly adhered to, and will account in some meas- 
ure for the exact and thorough character of the work done 
at the College. 




JOHN WELLES HOLLENBACK, ESQ., 
President Board of Trustees. 



33 



THE CURRICULUM. 

The curriculum has come to its present form under the 
hands of many eminent and gifted educators. The early 
records do not furnish the material for as complete an analy- 
sis with respect to the proportional distribution of studies 
as might be desired. The following summaries, however, 
will show the number of recitations allotted to each of the 
main departments of study in the classical course at different 
periods : — 

From 1842 to 1844: Mathematics, including Astronomy 
and Physics, recitations, 705 ; per cent., .35. 

Ancient Languages, recitations, 1008; per cent., .50. 

Mental and Moral Science, Political Economy, Rhetoric, 
Evidences of Christianity, Belles Lettres, &c, recitations, 
309; per cent, .15. 

The addition of Chemistry and Natural History in 1845, 
and of Biblical studies in 1852 (previously carried on by 
means of Sabbath Bible classes and lectures), made corre- 
sponding changes, the hours being taken mainly from the 
Ancient Languages. In 1857 there was a notable enlarge- 
ment of the English studies. In fact, it is here that the 
philological study of English begins. Trench on the Study 
of Words, Fowler's English Grammar, Anglo-Saxon, Milton's 
Paradise Lost, and Shakespeare were introduced, the time 
being taken from Mathematics and the Ancient Languages. 
French and German were also introduced at this time. 



34 
In 1876 the distribution was as follows: — 

Recita- Per 

tions. cent. 

Mathematics, including Astronomy and Physics 588 .235 

Ancient Languages 857 .342 

Biblical 156 .062 

Modern Languages, English and Anglo-Saxon 180 .073 

Modern Languages, French and German 158 .063 

Mental and Moral Science 108 .043 

Political Economy and Constitution 66 .027 

Outlines of History 16 .008 

Rhetoric and Logic 29 .010 

Elocution 154 -062 

Chemistry 3 6 •° I 4 

Geology 7° -028 

Botany and Zoology 3 2 -012 

Natural Philosophy 3 2 -012 

Mineralogy 22 .009 

2,504 1. 000 

Hebrew, Blackstone, Archaeology of Literature, and Chem- 
istry were elective in the senior year with other studies, and 
in the case of students who elected them, modified the above 
results in Mathematics, Greek, and Modern Languages. 

In addition to the outlines of history, particular periods 
in Grecian, Roman, English, and American history are 
worked up, along with the reading of representative authors, 
as Tacitus, Cicero, Livy, Demosthenes, and Shakespeare. 
More than three hundred recitations of the course are thus 
available as a special instruction in history. 



35 

Classical Geography, Greek and Latin composition, and 
antiquities come in as side studies, and are referred, in the 
above analysis, to those branches to which they are most 
akin. 

The present schedule differs from the foregoing mainly 
in the larger number of elective studies. 

THE NEW COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 

The General Scientific Course had its origin in 1865, and 
the Technical Courses a little later. A number of students 
who had completed the high school studies applied to the 
Faculty for permission to spend a year in the College in 
advanced liberal studies, without, however, taking Latin 
and Greek. The permission was given, and the hours 
usually devoted to the Ancient Languages were filled with 
Modern Languages and the Natural Sciences. The ex- 
periment was a success. The new students proved a wel- 
come addition to the College community, and at the end 
of the year they concluded to prolong their stay. Many 
others asked for similar privileges, so that the Faculty 
urged the establishment of a new course of study. 

In response, Mr. Pardee promptly gave $80,000 additional 
to his first gift of $20,000 in 1864, and new teachers of 
modern languages and natural science were secured. The 
prevailing purpose in the new course, as in the old, was 
culture. It was carefully arranged that the students in both 
should make one family of Christian scholars, attend the 



36 

same recitations and lectures as far as possible, and belong 
to the same literary and religious associations. 

As these classes filled up, the natural advantages of the 
region and the impatient spirit of the times soon asserted 
themselves. The young men who took the scientific course, 
or most of them, expected to become engineers or miners 
or chemists, and they naturally wished to finish their prepara- 
tory studies at Easton. In answer to such wishes special 
technical studies were introduced, at first elective in the 
senior year, then in the senior and junior years. The friends 
of technical education in the region became warmly inter- 
ested in the movement. Mr. Pardee gave another $100,000; 
others made equally liberal contributions, and a Polytechnic 
School was organized under the name of the Pardee Scien- 
tific Department of Lafayette College. The courses were, 
(I.), Engineering: Civil, Topographical, and Mechanical; (II.), 
Mining Engineering and Metallurgy; (III.), Chemistry. 

These courses have been continued with success to the 
present time. More recently, in 1889, there was added a 
course in Electrical Engineering for those who wished to 
pursue advanced physics and the technical application of 
electricity. 

A Latin Scientific Course has also been recently added, de- 
signed for those who wished to study Latin in connection 
with the studies of the General Scientific Course. 

Post-graduate courses have been maintained for several 
years, in which graduates of colleges or scientific schools, 




PROF. THOMAS C. PORTER, D. D., LL. D. 






PROF. FRANCIS A. MARCH, LL. D. PKOF. FRANCIS A. MARCH, JR., A.M., PH D. 



37 

and others having suitable preparation, may pursue advanced 
studies in any department under the direction and instruc- 
tion of the professor in that department, using the apparatus 
of the College while prosecuting their researches. 

THE COLLEGE GROUNDS. 
The College grounds have been enlarged by successive 
purchases to include about forty acres. The campus has 
been greatly improved within the last few years, and pre- 
sents a picture of rare beauty. The grading, terracing, 
ornamental planting, and the laying out and construction of 
walks and drives, is not, of course, a work of mere aimless 
adornment, but is carried on under the deliberate recogni- 
tion of the educational influence of art. The authorities re- 
gard it as a matter of importance that the surroundings of 
young men, while in the process of education, should be 
such as to engage the mind not only with the most pleas- 
ing aspects of nature, but also with the finer forms of 
beauty into which nature may be wrought by the skillful 
touch of man. 

BUILDINGS. 

The most noticeable feature of the growth of the College, 
however, is seen in the buildings. The original structure 
(now South College) has been so completely transformed as 
to appear scarcely the same building. The old hip roof has 
been replaced by a neat Mansard, and the east and west wings 
have been added, the former used until lately as a library and 



38 

reading room, with Greek room and offices above ; the latter 
as the chapel, with lecture rooms above it for the Departments 
of Latin and English Literature. The chapel has lately been 
thoroughly renovated, its walls freshly tinted, an electric 
chandelier put in by the Class of 1900, and a handsome pipe 
organ, a quarter-century gift of the class of 1874, a most 
important aid in College worship. 

The model school building has also been refitted, the first 
floor as the offices of the Treasurer and Registrar, and the 
second floor as a lecture room for Professor March. 

Southeast of South College stands the Jenks Hall, a 
T-shaped structure of blue limestone, three stories, with 
Mansard roof. It was built in 1865 and is fitted up with 
laboratories and lecture rooms. 

In the rapid growth of the Chemical Department Profes- 
sor Hart has for a number of years felt the want of more 
ample equipment, especially in laboratory space. This want 
will now be definitely met by the gift of a new chemical 
building by Mr. James Gayley, of the Class of 1876. The 
building, now in process of erection, stands north of the 
Van Wickle Library, and when it is completed the Jenks 
Hall will be refitted for the Department of Biology. 

The astronomical observatory, north of Jenks Hall, built 
of the same material, was the gift of Dr. Traill Green. 

By far the finest structure on the grounds is Pardee 
Hall. This magnificent building stands on the central pla- 
teau of the campus, and is a familiar sight to the thousands 




PROF. A. A. BLOOMBERGH, PH. D. 





PROF. J. W. MOORE, M D. 



PROF. EDWARD HART, PH. D. 



39 

of passengers who cross the Delaware at Easton. It was 
erected and equipped for the uses of the Scientific Depart- 
ment by its munificent founder, Mr. Pardee. The building, 
of Trenton brownstone, was begun in 1871 and completed 
in 1873. 

On the evening of June 4th, 1879, it took fire from the 
chemical laboratory, and at midnight was a heap of smoking 
ruins. It had been well insured, and from the fund so pro- 
vided Pardee Hall was soon replaced, the exact counterpart 
of the former building externally, but with many changes 
and improvements in the arrangements within, suggested by 
eight years of use. Again in the early morning of Decem- 
ber 17th, 1897, fire did its dreadful work with this noble 
building, destroying with most of its contents all except the 
east wing. The work of rebuilding was again very promptly 
undertaken, this time with still more marked improvements 
within, especially in the arrangement of and approaches to 
the central auditorium, and in the provisions made for the 
Departments of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. 

On Wednesday, May 31st, 1899, the completed structure 
was again dedicated in the presence of a large assemblage, 
including many distinguished guests. On this occasion the 
beautiful memorial window to Mr. Pardee and Dr. Cattell 
was unveiled, representing Charlemagne in conference with 
Alcuin, his Minister of Education. The building has a total 
length of 256 feet and a depth of 84 feet, with lateral and 
cross wings four stories in height, the central part being five 



4o 

stories. It contains the great auditorium, spacious halls for 
the Washington and Franklin Literaiy Societies, with rooms 
for their libraries, the Ward Library, a geological museum, 
collections in mineralogy and natural history, besides labora- 
tories and class rooms. 

Provision has been made in part for the accommodation of 
students by the erection of " students' homes." Six of these 
occupy the north campus, five of them bearing the names of 
those by whose liberality the College was enabled to provide 
them. They are Blair Hall, Newkirk Hall, McKeen Hall, 
Martien Hall, Powell Hall, and East Hall. Extensive addi- 
tions and improvements have been made within the past 
year, bringing these dormitories up to a high standard of 
beauty not only, but of comfort and convenience. The 
five first named above have been faced with iron-mottled 
Pompeian brick and trimmed with dark-brown terra-cotta. 
Two new halls have been added, one connecting Blair and 
Newkirk (Knox Hall), the other Martien and Powell (Fayer- 
weather Hall), giving this row, including McKeen Hall, the 
outward effect of three instead of seven buildings. The in- 
teriors have also been thoroughly remodeled and papered, 
and are now heated with steam and lighted with electricity. 
They are also well supplied with toilet and bath rooms fur- 
nished with hot and cold water. 

There have also been erected on the College grounds four- 
teen houses designed for the residence of professors, three 
of them within the last two years. 




PROF. W. B. OWEN, PH.D. 





PROF J. J. HARDY, PH.D. 



PROF. S. J. COFFIN, PH. D. 



4i 



PHYSICAL CULTURE. 

The subject of physical culture, challenging attention 
through the medium of athletic sports, has won for itself an 
abiding place in the life, and has secured recognition in the 
curriculum, of most colleges of higher grade. 

The evils incident to a voluntary, undirected system of 
exercise forced themselves upon the attention of the College 
authorities until they saw the necessity of properly regulating 
it in the interest of the great and desirable end which it is 
intended to conserve. 

In 1884, through the liberality of a few friends, a gym- 
nasium was built adequate to every need. Within the last 
few years an ample athletic field of seven acres, just west of 
the gymnasium, has been secured, graded, fenced, and fur- 
nished with stands. In 1900 it was transferred free of debt to 
the Trustees of the College. 

This acquisition has already resulted in a notable advance 
in the athletic interests of the College, not only in better train- 
ing for and better attendance at intercollegiate games, but in 
producing superior work in general athletics. 

Physical culture is a regular part of the College curriculum. 
Each student is required to attend the prescribed exercise of 
the gymnasium with the same regularity that he does the 
instruction of the class room, and it is confidently expected 
that a sound mind in a vigorous body will henceforth be the 
resultant of a college course at Lafayette. 



42 



THE LIBRARY. 

The library was founded in 1832 by contributions of books 
from the friends of the College, and it grew slowly by gifts 
and small purchases. Since 1865 a fee of one dollar a term 
for the increase of the library, and since 1871 a fee of two 
dollars a term for the reading room and library, have been 
paid by each student; and the fees for matriculation and 
graduation have also in part been appropriated to the same 
object. This income has been expended almost wholly in 
books immediately connected with the studies of the course, 
with a view to buying all the working books needed for 
original investigation in the special direction in which each 
professor has wished to push his work. 

The departments in which it is strongest are Anglo-Saxon, 
early French, early and dialectic English, Christian Greek 
and Latin, American History, Natural History, Chemistry, 
and Mining. A suitable home for these books has been one 
of the wants of the College for many years. This want has 
now been happily supplied by a legacy of $30,000 devoted to 
this very purpose by the will of Augustus S. Van Wickle, 
of Hazleton, Pa., who died on June 8th, 1898. 

The Van Wickle Memorial Library stands east of the 
gymnasium, a modest gem of architecture, consisting of a 
central structure of two stories flanked by wings of a single 
story, with provision for extension northward whenever the 
growth of the library demands more room for books. 



43 

It consists of a high basement cellar of light stone, and a 
story and a half of old gold mottled Pompeian brick, with 
ornamental terra-cotta trimmings, and roof of red tiles. 
The east wing is fireproof, and contains the book stacks, with 
room for something more than 50,000 volumes. The west 
wing is the reading room, finished in Flemish oak with 
wainscot and paneled ceilings. A beautitul feature here is 
the exquisite west window, a further memorial of Mr. Van 
Wickle. The central part contains offices and certain special 
rooms, and in the north recess a reference department with 
working tables, where dictionaries, cyclopedias, historical, 
scientific, and literary serials, and other works of reference of 
frequent use are kept accessible to all. 

The Washington and Franklin Literary Societies have in 
addition well-selected libraries, aggregating about 6000 vol- 
umes, making in all a collection of 30,000 volumes. 

SCIENTIFIC COLLECTIONS AND APPARATUS. 

The College has valuable collections in botany, geology and 
paleontology, mineralogy and natural history, and an ample 
apparatus in the different departments of instruction. Espe- 
cially notable is that in physics and applied mechanics, in 
chemistry, metallurgy, and engineering. There are also val- 
uable models in machine drawing, stone cutting, crystallog- 
raphy, and architecture. A valuable addition to the Depart- 
ment of Latin has recently been made in a full collection 
of photographs of Roman remains. They are mounted, 
framed, and displayed in the Latin room. 



44 



THE FUNDS OF THE COLLEGE. 

These many advances upon the meagre appliances of ear- 
lier days have of course involved a large expenditure of 
money. The most of it was secured under the administra- 
tion of Dr. Cattell. 

Dr. Cattell had, to use the language of " Ik Marvel " in 
speaking of him, " wondrous winning ways," and soon gath- 
ered a host of liberal friends to the support of the College. 
In 1863 the total value of the College property was $88,666, 
and the income from all sources was less than $4000. At the 
present time the total value of the College property is 
$1,100,000, of which sum a little more than $447,000 is in 
the form of productive investments, yielding an annual income 
of about $25,000. This amount, added to the fees from the 
students, is still insufficient to meet the current expenses of 

the College. 

METHODS OF INSTRUCTION. 

This sketch should not be closed without a reference to the 
methods of instruction, which have kept even pace with the 
improvements in other directions. In the work of the class 
room there is constant illustration and manipulation. The 
coal fields, ore beds, and iron furnaces are near at hand, and 
every resource of civil engineering in its practical applica- 
tions is displayed almost within sight of the campus. There 
are open fields for the botanist and the surveyor ; laboratories 
for the physicist, the mechanic, the chemist, the electrician, 




PROF. R. B. YOl'KGMAN, PH. D. 




PROF. EDSALL FERRIER, D. D. 



PROF. F. B. PECK, PH. D. 



45 

the assayer; book tables and working libraries for the lin- 
guist, the critic, the historian, and the philosopher. All study 
is accompanied by exercises of practice or research. 

As the best reward of faithful work, the professors con- 
stantly receive from medical colleges, theological seminaries, 
and universities, assurances of the good training of Lafayette 
students, their manliness, and their readiness for the severer 
tests of professional study. The same testimony as to the 
manly character and thorough training of the students in the 
scientific and technical courses comes from those who have 
secured their services. 

Some note should also here be made of the influences that 
promote the culture of individual character. Whether it is 
the comparative freedom from temptations to idleness, extrav- 
agance, and dissipation, or the spirit of the place and the 
wholesome moral sentiment which prevails among the stu- 
dents, there seems to be in the very air of Lafayette a tonic, 
stimulating not only to scholarly effort, but to manliness and 
the temper that gives men a serious purpose in study. 

Doubtless it is due in large measure to the religious life of 
the College — the prevalence of a sturdy Christian belief. 
" There is at Lafayette," says Donald G. Mitchell, " no 
doubting of the Bible, or any giving to it a courteous and 
reverent forgetting." The College is Presbyterian in its tra- 
ditions, but not sectarian in any narrow or exclusive sense, 
and in other respects is as free as is consistent with that 
judicious vigilance which should prevail in a Christian 



4 6 

institution. The students regularly attend morning prayers, 
go to church on Sunday, hold voluntary devotional meet- 
ings twice a week, and organize freely for Sunday-school 
and mission work in the vicinity. 

Lafayette has a creditable representation in the fields of 
literature and science, and a goodly list of her alumni have 
become eminent in professional life. Of her 700 lawyers, 98 
are or have been judges, members of Congress, and of the 
Legislature; of professors and teachers there are more than 
300; editors, 80; physicians, 366; in the technical profes- 
sions, over 800. Of her 550 ministers, 40 have gone to the 
foreign field. 

With a Faculty strong and progressive, a young and popu- 
lar President, every face is bright with hope, and every pulse 
beats strong with the new life so full of promise for the 
" greater Lafayette " of the future. 




PROF. ALV1N DAVISON, PH.' D 




PROF. A. P. FOLWFLL, A. B. 



PROF. W. S. HALL, M. K. 



IIL 
THE ENGINEERING COURSES. 




HE original plan of the College contemplated in- 
struction in "civil and military engineering." But 
more than thirty years passed by before the way 
was at last open for the establishment of regular 
courses in engineering. The foundation for these courses 
was laid in 1866 by Ario Pardee, Esq., of Hazleton, by a 
gift which was but the earnest of the munificent endow- 
ment afterwards given by him to the Pardee Scientific 
Department. 

In harmony with the history of the College, this depart- 
ment has been developed as the need for it has arisen, and it 
has grown steadily with the growth of the engineering inter- 
ests of the country. The first course undertaken was that in 
Mining Engineering. It was contemporary with the advanced 
course in Chemistry, out of which the Chemical Course has 
grown. Almost immediately the course in Civil Engineering 
was started. Only after the lapse of some years was the 
Electrical Engineering Course added. 

A more favorable location for an engineering school is 
scarcely to be imagined. Easton has long been known as 
"the gateway to the anthracite coal regions;" mines of iron 

(47) 



4 8 

and zinc are near at hand ; one of the finest slate deposits in 
the world is in the immediate neighborhood, and quarries of 
many kinds. Iron furnaces, one of the most extensive steel 
plants in the country, innumerable cement works, and many 
other mechanical and industrial works are within easy reach. 
The whole region abounds in object lessons for the engineer; 
in railways, bridges, tunnels, electrical plants, and innumerable 
illustrations of the application of engineering skill to the prac- 
tical problems of the civilization of the day. 

The handsome building which bears Mr. Pardee's name 
contains the lecture rooms, libraries, laboratories, drawing 
rooms, and shops of the engineering departments. The De- 
partment of Electrical Engineering is under the direction of 
Prof. James W. Moore, A. M., M. D. ; the Department of 
Civil Engineering, of Prof. J. M. Porter, C. E. ; the Depart- 
ment of Mining Engineering, of Prof. William S. Hall, C. E., 
E. M., M. S. ; and the municipal engineering and water sup- 
ply connected with the Department of Civil Engineering is 
under the charge of Associate Professor A. P. Folwell, A. B., 
assisted by instructors in each department. The equipment 
of the several departments is of the best and most recent 
character, and is being constantly added to. In all respects 
the facilities for instruction will bear comparison with any 
technical school in America. 



IV. 



THE COURSE IN CHEMISTRY AND 
METALLURGY. 




I HE aim of this course is to train men for practical 
work in chemistry, either as chemists in iron or 
steel works, in manufacturing establishments, or 
as chemical manufacturers. Great attention is 
paid to analytical chemistry, and especially to the chemistry 
and metallurgy of iron and steel. The instruction seeks to 
give the students not only thorough intellectual and theo- 
retical training, but to fit the graduate for immediate dis- 
charge of the practical duties of chemical employment. 

The graduates of the course have met with the widest 
recognition as competent and capable chemists. Some of 
them have risen to great distinction. Those who have given 
evidence in their college course of the necessary requirements 
and capacity, secure immediate and remunerative employment. 
Indeed, at the present time the demand for the graduates of 
this course is considerably in excess of the supply. The 

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50 

course has in recent years outgrown the equipment which 
the department possessed in the old laboratories. It is now 
(1901) looking forward to a new era which has been brought 
about by the generous gift of a building which is known as 
The Gayley Laboratory of Chemistry and Metallurgy. It is 
the gift of James Gayley, Esq., of the Class of 1876. 

The new laboratories in Gayley Hall have been designed 
to meet present conditions, and, so far as it is possible to 
foresee them, future requirements. 

The lecture room will seat one hundred and fifty students, 
and will be provided with a full illustrative equipment, in- 
cluding a lantern and full set of slides, maps, charts, and 
large apparatus for illustration. So far as possible, it is in- 
tended that individual experiments shall be performed by the 
student on a somewhat smaller scale, and an ample outfit and 
laboratory space has been provided for this purpose. There 
will be desk room for over two hundred men in well-lighted 
and ventilated rooms. The quiz room is intended for the 
drill of small sections of not to exceed twenty-five men, 
which is considered essential to a thorough understanding 
of the subject. 

One large laboratory has been set aside for advanced work 
in organic chemistry, physical chemistry, spectroscopic work, 
&c. This will have a complete equipment, including a large 
microscope by Zeiss with all the accessories, with several 
smaller microscopes, a saccharimeter, spectrometer, refract- 
ometer, mercury vacuum pumps, Weston ammeters and volt- 



5* 

meters, &c. A large part of the apparatus needed is already 
on hand, and this will be added to as the necessity arises. 
The department has a very fine collection of platinum ware, 
part of it having been bought from the estate of the late Prof. 
J. P. Cooke, of Harvard, and this will be further increased. 
There will be a separate room provided for water and gas 
analysis, another room for chemical operations in gross, such 
as grinding ores, crystallization and precipitations on a large 
scale, and a third room for assaying. This assaying room 
will contain furnaces such as are used in Colorado practice. 
Professor Hart will make a trip to Denver this Summer with 
the purpose of giving to this equipment special study. 

A stock room is provided for each floor, and a large and 
well-lighted room in the basement is provided for lockers and 
toilet purposes. 

The basement contains a large room intended for a metal- 
lurgical laboratory. Special attention will be given to this sub- 
ject, as heretofore, and the collections will be largely increased. 

Mr. Henry W. Oliver, of Pittsburgh, has provided a special 
endowment fund for a chemical and metallurgical library. 
The Trustees of the College have directed that this shall be 
called The Henry W. Oliver Library, that it be housed in the 
new building, and that the large and valuable collection of 
chemical books now belonging to the College shall be placed 
with those purchased for the new library. Extensive pur- 
chases have already been made, and additional books will be 
added as the funds available will permit. The Baker & 



52 

Adamson Chemical Company have undertaken to supply all 
the furniture and cases needed for this room. Professor Hart 
has also promised to add a considerable number of books in 
addition to those which he has presented since the gift of Mr. 
Oliver was made known. It is believed that this library will 
shortly contain an unrivaled collection. 

In addition to the books, the library room will contain the 
large collection of special apparatus and illustrative specimens 
now on hand, to which considerable additions will be made as 
soon as possible. Dust-proof cases will be provided for these 
specimens. 

A special room for photographic purposes has been pro- 
vided, to which the present photographic apparatus will be 
transferred. This equipment consists of three cameras pro- 
vided with lenses of extra quality, together with all necessary 
trays, plate holders, &c. The largest camera will cover an 
8 x 10 plate, and is suitable for photomicrographic work. A 
full equipment for blue-print work will be added. 

The building will be fire-proof throughout, heated by steam 
and lighted by electricity. While great care has been used in 
providing all necessary appliances, the laboratories are con- 
sidered to be shops, and the finish in them is as simple as 
possible so that any needed alterations and additions can be 
made without undue outlay. The aspect of the studies 
housed under this roof is constantly changing as our knowl- 
edge increases, and care has been taken in designing to leave 
room for additions which may hereafter become necessary. 



53 

The trend of the instruction heretofore in chemistry and 
metallurgy as taught in Lafayette College has been intensely 
practical, without neglecting theory. Most of the instructors 
have themselves been engaged in the practical application of 
the principles taught. This continues to be true at present, 
and is believed to be of great advantage to those under their 
care. 



CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES. 




AFAYETTE COLLEGE is a Christian college. It seeks 
in every way to make the influences of college 
life definitely Christian. It is a college, however, 
and not a school. The scope of its work is de- 
termined by the age and maturity of its students and by 
the weight of public opinion as expressed in its patrons 
as well as in its governing boards. In other words, it 
relies on influence rather than compulsion in many things. 
Yet it requires attendance on all the ordinary exercises of 
each student's course. This idea was admirably expressed 
some years ago by Dr. Francis A. March, the beloved 
Professor of English and Comparative Philology : — 

" Compulsory attendance on prayers and preaching is a 
special object of attack. But it is almost a misnomer to 
call the college discipline compulsion. It is nothing like so 
strong as the obligations of professional life, or the tyranny 
of fashion, or social habits, or home influence. A college 
student is about the freest man there is. It is certainly a 
pleasant sight to see our College now, bathed and break- 
fasted and ready for recitations, gathering at morning 
prayers. Our beautiful hill, bright in the early sun, the 

(54) 








KNOX HALL. — PARDEE HALL. 



55 

valley lying in rosy mist, with the rivers glinting through, 
the great mountains looking on as though they liked the 
looks, the white smoke curling upward from hearths of 
homes that may be temples, the spired fingers of the 
churches pointing heavenward, the College campus, with 
its hundred paths all leading to the College chapel, the 
hundreds of young men rejoicing in the morning and in 
nature around them, which is in itself a liberal education, 
and gathering to offer a morning tribute of thanks and 
praise to the Giver of all good, and ask Him for stout 
hearts and clear heads for the labors of the day and for 
the scholar's blessing — the pure heart that shall see God — 
is a sight worth seeing. It is impossible to believe that it 
can be a burden to any. I have seen many generations of 
college students grow up and pass through life, and am 
fully satisfied that the habit of attendance on religious ex- 
ercises in colleges has been a most powerful influence for 
good. I believe it still, I trust it still. After all, the proper 
work of college is to make Christian men of sound culture. 
It is not so much to develop genius ; genius in the teens 
is either omnivorous or stupid, and either way considers 
professors a bore. It is to prepare our youth to discharge 
the duties of good citizens." 

Morning prayers are held each morning at 7.50, and all 
students are expected to be present. There is also a regu- 
lar service each Sabbath at eleven o'clock, at which the 
students have the opportunity of hearing a number of the 



56 

best preachers of the Presbyterian and other churches. In 
addition to these services in the College chapel, the Y. M. 
C. A. holds a prayer service on Sunday and Thursday even- 
ings. 

The Y. M. C. A. work is conducted by the Brainerd 
Society, which long antedates the College Y. M. C. A. move- 
ment. It has rooms in South College, and in addition to 
its prayer meetings conducts voluntary classes for Bible 
study and does much to promote vital religion in the Col- 
lege. It was organized as a society of religious inquiry, 
with special interest in missions, and took the name of David 
Brainerd, the devoted missionary to the Indians, who labored 
near the site on which the College stands. In the nineteenth 
century forty of the members of this Society went to the 
foreign field. Two of these suffered martyrdom. Four con- 
tributed to the work of translating the Bible into foreign 
languages. 

No agency contributes more to the culture of vigorous, 
useful manhood than this Association. 




VAN WICKLE LIBRARY. — LITERARY SOCIETY. 



VI. 
THE LITERARY SOCIETIES. 




I HE older graduates of American colleges are very 
likely to turn back with especial pleasure to the 
memories connected with their literary societies. 
It was one of the most unfortunate tendencies of 
the latter part of the nineteenth century to undervalue 
these societies, and treat them as though their worth rested 
only or mainly in the part they played in developing rhetori- 
cal skill. As the power of expression is an indispensable 
part of education, the work of these societies in cultivating 
this power in speech and in writing, through speaking, 
debate, and essay, is one of the most important parts of a 
sound education. 

There are two societies, the Washington and the Frank- 
lin. They have beautiful rooms, libraries, and debating halls, 
in Pardee Hall, admirably equipped for their purposes and 
affording an attractive place of meeting. A number of prizes 
are offered for speaking and debate, the friendly rivalry 
between the societies being especially stimulated by the 
annual oratorical contest between four juniors from each 
society, and the debate in which three seniors from each 

(57) 



53 

society compete for prizes of substantial value. The honors 
of these competitions are among the most valued in the 
College course. 

Every student is strongly urged to become a member 
of one of these societies. 



VIL 
ATHLETICS. 



By Prof. Francis A. March, Jr., Ph. D. 




f^lHE best educators in our American colleges have 
for many years encouraged among their pupils 
an interest in physical development. They have 
recognized not only that a thoroughly equipped 
manhood includes a sound body, but that the influence of 
athletic training is wholesome. 

Young men who have perhaps for the first time left their 
homes need some safety valve, or the new freedom may lead 
to license. Athletic sports as conducted at our American in- 
stitutions supply this need. The youth who is training for 
an athletic contest knows he cannot succeed if he indulges in 
any form of dissipation, and the athletic hero is made a model 
for others who cannot hope to become members of any team. 
In sympathy with this view, Lafayette College has always 
encouraged its athletic associations in their work, while at the 
same time it has taken care, by careful regulations and super- 
vision, to prevent excess. 

In the early days of the College this interest in physical 
culture was promoted only by private advice and example. 

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6o 

Indeed, the athletic association is comparatively modern, and 
intercollegiate athletics, as now known, is in all of our col- 
leges a growth of the last quarter of a century. 

For some years before that time, however, contests had 
been held in various forms of sport. At Lafayette these were 
first between classes, or groups of students, then with local 
teams, then occasionally with other institutions. 

In the early seventies uniformed baseball teams began to 
play out definite schedules of games, mostly against profes- 
sional nines. The first recorded baseball game against an- 
other college was one against Lehigh in 1872, which re- 
sulted in an easy victory for Lafayette. 

Football was for a long time played only between classes. 
In 1882 occurred the first contest with another college, Lafay- 
ette winning by a large score in a game with Rutgers. 

Boating has never taken hold at Lafayette, probably on ac- 
count of the great expense, as the facilities here for this sport 
are admirable. 

In 1880 the first track meet was held, and in a short time 
Lafayette had won several intercollegiate prizes in this depart- 
ment. At present the track event of the year is the annual 
contest with Lehigh University. 

Having once begun, the interest in intercollegiate athletics 
grew rapidly, and by 1 890 there were regularly organized and 
uniformed teams playing elaborate schedules in baseball and 
football, and taking part in many collegiate and intercollegi- 
ate field contests. 





GYMNASIUM. — FOOTBALL TEAM. 



6i 

The great growth in the equipment of the College and the 
number of students since 1890, has been accompanied by an 
equal growth in the equipment and work of the athletic asso- 
ciations, and the success of the representatives of Lafayette 
upon diamond, gridiron, and track has been so notable as to 
attract to Lafayette the attention of the whole college world. 

Though with less than four hundred students to draw from, 
she has more than held her own against even the big univer- 
sities. In football she has lost but one game of the last 
twelve to her near rival, Lehigh University ; but one game of 
the last five to Cornell ; and has won two games of the last 
five played with the University of Pennsylvania, which has 
been during that time generally considered to be one of the 
two or three very best teams in the country. In baseball La- 
fayette's success has been equally remarkable, including vic- 
tories over Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Pennsylvania. 

The Lafayette College Athletic Association is now man- 
aged by a graduate athletic committee, which controls its 
policy and carefully oversees the work of the undergradu- 
ate managers. This committee, when first selected in 1890, 
found that it was necessary for the financial success of 
the Association to have an enclosed field. This field, 
with the assistance of the Alumni, has been procured and 
equipped at a cost of about $12,000, and in 1900 was pre- 
sented to the Trustees of Lafayette College. 

The Alumni Committee has also since its organization 
procured efficient coaches for the athletic teams, established 



62 

training quarters, and generally systematized the work of 
the Association and placed it upon an equality with that of 
our largest and richest American colleges. 

In 1884, through the generosity of some of the Alumni, 
a convenient and well-equipped gymnasium was built upon 
the campus. It was placed in charge of a skilled physician, 
who was also one of Lafayette's most famous athletes, and 
it has given indispensable aid in the development of the 
athletic teams. 

All students, unless for special reasons, are required at 
set times to exercise in the gymnasium under the direction 
of Dr. Updegrove, and while this class work is not directly 
connected with the work of the Athletic Association, its 
value cannot be overestimated. 

In the gymnasium, exhibitions are given during the 
Winter, and in 1901, for the first time, basket-ball contests 
were held against teams representing some of our leading 
colleges. 

The gymnasium is under the direct control of the Faculty. 
The Faculty has also assumed control of the work of the 
athletic associations in recent years. All schedules of 
games are submitted to it, and must have its approval. It 
has established strict eligibility rules to prevent unfairly 
selected teams from playing in the name of Lafayette, and 
through its athletic committee keeps up a constant super- 
vision of the work of the teams. It insists that the work 
in the College classes shall not be interfered with by the 



30" - 









63 

work of the Association, and requires from all members 
of all teams a formal permission from their parents or 
guardians before they can take part in any athletic contest. 
The wisdom of this policy is sufficiently proven by its 
results. The whole atmosphere of College life is given a 
more healthy tone. Nearly every student takes part in 
some form of athletic activity, and the College campus 
during the hours for exercise (covered with class and 
"'Varsity" teams), the tennis courts, the local golf club, 
the broad and beautiful Lehigh and Delaware Rivers the 
scenes of so many a rowing or swimming feat, add im- 
measurably to the attraction of the College, to the charm 
of " Lovely Lafayette." 



